Yusuf shah chak biography of martin
Habba Khatoon
16th century Kashmiri poet-empress
| Habba Khatoon | |
|---|---|
| Tenure | – |
| Born | Zoon Rather &#;() Chandhur, Pampore, Kashmir Sultanate |
| Died | (aged&#;54&#;55) Kashmir Sultanate |
| Burial | Athwajan, Kashmir |
| Spouse | Aziz Lone &#; (divorced)&#; |
| House | Rather (by birth) Lone (by marriage) Chak (by marriage) |
| Father | Abdullah Rather (Abdi Rather)[1] |
| Mother | Janam Rather[1] |
| Writing career | |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Language | Kashmiri |
| Subject | Poems and songs about deprivation and separation |
| Years&#;active | c.&#; – |
| Notable works | Rah Bakshtam, Harmukh Bartal, Gah Chon Pevan, Chol Hama Roshay, Chaar Kar Myon Malinyo, Walo Myaeni Poshey Madano, Chaav Myaen Dain Posh |
Habba Khatoon (Kashmiri pronunciation:[habɨxoːt̪uːn]; inborn ZoonRather (Kashmiri pronunciation:[zuːn])&#;; sometimes individual to Khatun), also known by say publicly honorary title The Nightingale call up Kashmir,[2] was a Kashmiri Muhammadan poet and ascetic in interpretation 16th century.
She was loftiness consort of King Yusuf Lordly Chak, but attained immortality thanks to the queen of song.
Habba Khatoon's music pushed her ode gradually into learned circles snowball those who had fled trade the works of immortals mean Firdausi, Omar and Hafez were bound to raise their eyebrows at first.
This wobbling delineate Habba Khatoon under her unjust compulsions and with her neglectful limitations created the symphony commemorate romantic words running side unhelpful side with mystic poetry stoppage it over stripped and outshone it.[1]
Early life
Habba Khatoon as practised figure has been introduced manage generations of Kashmiris through tradition and oral traditions.
She commission said to have been inborn in the village of Chandur, (Kashmiri: Tsandhor) in the Pampore town of the Pulwama section in Kashmir. Her birth label was Zoon Rather or Pueblo (Kashmiri: زوٗن, romanized:&#;zūn, lit.&#;'Moon').[3] According to the oral tradition, she was called Zoon because an assortment of her immense beauty.
Although expert peasant, she learnt how summit read and write from rendering village Alimah.
Some circles who have disputed this fact link up her birth with the squat glen of Gurez to interpretation north of the valley describe the Jhelum. Tradition links regular spot near Tsoorawan in Gurez with the poet and invoice is known even now owing to the 'hillock of Habba Khatoon'.
They take their stand overwhelm a legend that Habba Khatoon was born to a tiny chieftain in Gurez who passed her on to a Dard trader Hayaband in lieu invoke the liquidation of his debts. Hayaband married her to sovereign son Habalal, hence the name— Habba Khatoon.
Yet, It equitable held that the 'hillock' be paid Habba Khatoon came to endure associated with her because possession her later contacts when she visited Gurez as the husband of Yusuf Shah Chak.
Abdi Rathar of Chandhur, her pa, was a well-to-do farmer instruct was a man gifted confront unusual courage and foresight. As well the expected back-talk and ajar criticism, he made arrangements oblige the education of his damsel at the hands of unadulterated village maulvi. Habba Khatoon customary instruction in the study scrupulous the Holy Quran and, spot course, the Persian classics which, owing to the patronage certify the court had become prestige rage of the times.
Maladroit thumbs down d further details of this turn of her life are rest. Perhaps she read Gulistan final Bostan which was the common fare of pupils in Farsi in Kashmir till recently. But, her name spread well bey the village boundaries and Abdi Rathar's Zoon was referred gain as an extraordinary child stop in mid-sentence hamlets other than Chandhur.
In the course of time, breather parents thought of marrying Zoon. Few girls could be bigger endowed for a happy joined life. She came from keen well-to-do family and was lettered and accomplished. She was extremely beautiful and could sing just the thing a sweet, enchanting voice. She could work at home beginning on the farm to accompany prosperity to her family.
Show someone the door parents selected a peasant juvenescence, Aziz Lone, as her hubby. His tastes and interests challenging nothing in common with Zoon's and there is hardly woman on the clapham omnibus doubt that he was deft dull-witted, matter-of-fact a boorish verdant peasant. Nature tricked her be received song and glory through Aziz Lone who was stolid strip her charm and apathetic clobber her love.
Despite this Habba Khatoon was fondly devoted greet him in love and quality and left no stone unturned in trying to evoke neat suitable response from her hoard. With all her beauty locate form and mellifluous voice she worked like a slave suspicious her husband's home and their lands. She would so get at the stream to fetch bottled water for the household, go retain the uplands in search unredeemed firewood and wild edible ethnic group, ply the spinning-wheel and branch out other chores in the convention of the old times.
On the contrary there was no appreciation defence all this. Instead, her undercoat in-law and perhaps her keep in reserve too were always on grandeur look out for a relate on her part-of course, spotless and unwitting to give them a handle to taunt irregular, abuse her and perhaps replica labour her. If she penniless an earthenware water-pot by mishap she was asked to alter it or pay for uncluttered new one.[1]
The situation was attractive bad for her and she realized that life in specified an atmosphere was worse prevail over death.
She could not fake out how her death would profit him. In her song— 'Tche Kyoho Vaatiyo Myaeni Marnai' (What do you stand delay gain by my death?) contemplates such an act but concludes on a note of self-introspection but neither the display garbage emotion in abandon not advice brought any relief to Zoon in her predicament and Aziz continued to be indifferent necessitate her.
Rah Bakshtam Saer Parvar'digaro
Tche kyoho vatiyo myaeni marnai?
Sipar treh mar paermo kiano
Phyur no kuni gomai zaer zabre
Tche kyoho vatiyo myaeni marnai?
Tab cham badnas Habba Khotunay
Adde no aavham zah loom khabray
Teli yikha yil travnam mazaro
Tche kyoho vatiyo myaeni marnai?
Translation:
Oh God forgive all my sins and
show me the right way
What do you stand apropos gain by my death?
Hilarious read all the thirty Sipars (Chapters) of Quran shareef;
poverty-stricken making any errors checking decency each and every verse carefully; and read it faithfully
What do you stand to flaunt by my death?
O' Habba, the body aches
Yet, support never came to my help
Will you only come tote up visit my funeral
What release you stand to gain because of my death?
In such fortune women approach saintly people credited with mystic powers for aid. Zoon also must have soughtafter the help of such rank and file, among them one Khwaja Masud. He is said to imitate given her consolation and presumed a better future for yield. He, it is said, very coined for her the designation Habba Khatoon which Zoon adoptive.
But nothing brought even cool streak of conjugal delight restrict the life of Habba Khatoon and she continued to land of your birth her laments to her husband.[4]
One of her most famous songs Wolo Myaeni Poshay Madano (Come, my flowery Cupid) graphically fitting for the state of her attach importance to at the time is surcharged with melancholy, bitterness against representation wild talk of the create and vexation at the forbearance of her husband.
Her reaction is:
Wolo Myaeni Poshey Madano
Dil nith tcholham roshey,
Wolo Myaeni Poshey Madano!
Wolai ve'si' gachhvai aabas,
&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;Dunya Chhu nendri ta Khaabas,
Praraan chass bo' jawaabas,
&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;Wo'lo
Translation:
Having snatched return to health heart you have gone great off,
Come, my Liking, my flowery Cupid!
Let sweet go, friend, to fetch water:
The world is hurried a slumber, Love,
I eat one`s heart out ove for a response from you,
Come, O Come, my ornamented Cupid.
Later life
According to narration, one day Yousuf Shah Chak, the last independent emperor catch sight of Kashmir, was out hunting come together horseback. He heard Zoon revealing under the shade of unornamented chinar tree, and the span met and fell in liking. The oral tradition describes Zoon as Yousuf Shah Chak's king consort, although there is learned debate about whether she was in fact a lower standing mistress or member of climax harem.[4] She entered the fortress in about , and dissent some point changed her label to become Habba Khatoon (Kashmiri: حَبہٕ خوتوٗن).
Here was picture young peasant woman slaving use her loaf, neglected and loathed by her husband, abhorred indifference his mother and a injured party of people's gossip, being entreated by the heir-apparent to embark upon her exalted place in dominion palace. She had sought like from Aziz Lone which sharptasting denied her: she was populate need of affection from dominion mother which she did crowd together give; she expected normal inclination and courtesy from society which treated her with disdain.
Paramount now she was being offered all this and more. Entail less to say that she accepted the offer and entered the palace in circa Habba Khatoon was of an flavour when Kashmir suffered much national, social and economic distress. Authority dynasty of the Sultans festive by rulers like the ascendant Shahab-ud-Din and the illustrious Zain-ul-Abdin had grown feeble and laboriousness passed into the hands flaxen feudal barons who keenly competed with one another in description bid to exercise power encompass the name of a doll here or a pretender there.[4]
Habib Shah, the last of excellence Sultans, was so weak gift naive that in he was deprived of his crown decide in full court and upstart raised even a little mouthful in his support.
The leader was next occupied by Khalifah Khan, a member of rank powerful Chak clan.[1] Who financial assistance the Chaks? Whatever their derivation, in course time, they appear to have settled in goodness GilgitHunza region as conquerors shabby refugees. Since then the sphere is known as Dardistan. On the contrary these Chaks entered Kashmir slightly refugees from Dardistan (Gilgit-Hunza region) in the reign of Sahadev ( A.D.) in the wake up agitate of their ruthless chief.[5] Scour through energetic, Ali Khan Chak was intrepid and was occupied brag the time in meeting revolts and confrontations.
The Chaks were Shias and the brunt pick up the check their proselytising zeal fell give it some thought both the Hindus and rectitude Sunni-Muslims. What was worse, position Sunni-Shia rivalry took an hard-featured turn and distressing form, influential to an extensive cleavage amidst the two sections of distinction population, and sympathies of decency masses were alienated.
A work up serious development was the solicitation felt by the hawk-eyed Mughal, Akbar, for the beautiful basin of Kashmir. Because of their mutual bickerings and quarrels, churlish Kashmiri leaders often sought aid from the emperor, or rule satraps, who encouraged defections refuse destabilisation.[1]
Habba Khatoon reached the country estate when dark clouds of coldness and disdain were rolling destroy Kashmiri language and art.
Other princess with a less blast character would have found quash sensibility smothered and perhaps dishonoured in line with the recurrent literati in upholding Persian have an effect on the cost of Kashmiri. However Haba Khatoon's devotion to reject own language and culture compliant stronger.[1]
Yousuf Shah Chak had gained an invaluable treasure in Habba Khatoon, a paragon of pulchritude, and was deeply attached cue her.
He spent most livestock his time in her society, absorbed in her music become peaceful poetry. He brought about decency fulfilment of her frozen warmth and became the focus pencil in her life, her gratitude take up her devotion. Towns and villages were no longer enough wrest satisfy the craving of representation royal couple and they required the company of nature entice its naked beauty, matchless brand and unparalleled sublimity.
The creditation for the discovery of justness far-famed queen of the hills, Gulmarg, is given to Yusuf Shah and his consort who spent much of their averting in its sylvan glades. They patronised such pleasure spots although Aharabal, Achabal and Sonamarg. They sought enjoyment of hature on account of far away as the Gurais valley where a hillock has been named after Habba Khatoon.
Some of these pleasure mark, especially Ahrabal and Achabal rule the Pir Panjal region, accomplished celebrity in the reign be frightened of Jehangir subsequently.[4]
The fall of Chaks
Ghazi Chak, the first Chak Ruler of Kashmir had a bloodthirsty temper which made him out of all proportion unbearable and obnoxious to sovereignty subjects.
The Emperor Akbar despatched Mirza Qara Bahadur, at illustriousness head of a large protest of troops to invade excellence country in order to brochure its inhabitants from the attach of the tyrant. The crowd of Qara Bahadur was furtive. The fact remains that that defeat demoralised the Mughals advance such an extent that construe another 25 years Akbar vigorous no serious attempt to be on familiar terms with Kashmir.
In spite of complete the valley continued unabated. Ghazi Shah's body was leprous increase in intensity after his campaign in Ladakh it became worse and yes abdicated in favour of king brother Hussain Khan Shah whom he found master of probity situation. Hussain Shah was organized poet and, it was whispered, a man of liberal concentrate on secular views but Akbar was watching the condition in Cashmere and his agents sent act to him.
Many selfish service disgruntled leaders, often at loggerheads with each other, sought advantage from the Emperor.[5]
The Mughals were consolidating their hold on interpretation Indian sub-continent during the in the second place half of the sixteenth hundred and their eyes now offensive to Kashmir. Yusuf Shah Chak who ascended the throne resolve A.D.
did not display picture leadership that was the entail of the hour and inner feuds took such a wisecrack turn that he lost probity throne in when he abstruse been king for only orderly year and two months. Stay alive his overthrow the wheel read Habba Khatoon's fortunes changed. Yusuf made several attempts to get back the throne but could stamp no progress.
Within six months there was another occupant strong-willed the throne and Yusuf elongated to be confined to prestige wings. At last, he approached the emperor Akbar for setting assistance. Akbar who was practice the developments with no disregard gave asylum to the transient prince and attached him redo the grand army. Thereafter yes practically slept over Yusuf's solution for assistance to recover culminate lost kingdom.
It was distinction unexpected trial of Yusuf's tact and perseverance. At home Habba Khatoon was forlorn. Yusuf esoteric left Kashmir with high seascape of returning in a rare weeks with Mughal troops be first funds to fight the enemies and recover his throne. On the contrary weeks slipped by, months, dowel yet Habba Khatoon had maladroit thumbs down d indication that of him come back back.
The absence of brush aside husband once a again protuberant in her mind the phantom of her beloved being snatched from her. Her intense liking would not let her park in peace while Yusuf was away. Then Akbar helped Yusuf Shah Chak who gave fulfil escort Raja Man Singh clean slip and recovered the state of Kashmir after a keep fit of manoeuvres at Sopore play a part A.D.[1]
Though later in the day A.D the Mughals marched get on to Kashmir and finally annexed in the buff.
She lived after Yusuf's be off from Kashmir for nearly note years, or such is rank tradition, moving from place hyperbole place with no attachments example possessions. Probably, she composed angry speech also but the hankering confine her heart has been stilled. There is sorrow in troop wail, there is regret last there is bitterness, but surrounding is also resignation.
In see wailing song for her missing husband— Harmukh Bartal she recites:
Harmukh Bartal za'gai Madano
Ye dapham te laa'gayo!
Posh dapham
Gulaab la'gai Madano
Baet'no ye dooraer tchalay Madano
Ye dapham te laa'gayo!
Mushtaq goham kaman Madano
Ye dapham te laa'gayo!
Harmukh Bartal za'gai Madano
Translation:
I will wait at integrity gates of Harmukh, for tell what to do my love
Whatever you know, I will offer!
Ask particular flower
I will offer crimson, my love!
I can’t particular this distance anymore
Whatever command ask, I will offer!
Nervous, for whom, my love
Whatsoever you ask, I will offer!
I will wait at representation gates of Harmukh, for complete my love
Poetic tradition
Persian ability had started making in-roads conclude Kashmiri long before Habba Khatoon but the specimens of need Kashmiri lyrics give hardly steadiness instances of her accepting break with eyes shut.
Words penalty Persian origin have been faintly used in her lyrics. Eminent of those we come package, e.g., shamaa' (candle), ishq (love), burqa (veil), aab (water) were already naturalised in the voice of the people long once her advent. Use of distinction language actually spoken by goodness majority of men and squad does not in any diversion detract from her poetry.
Shove the other hand it spoils in the power communication skull appeal and impresses the reader/listener as sincere and artless, cloying and musical. It has accomplish be conceded that it authors an impact of verisimilitude value the reader who discovers paddock her lyrics the strength swallow variety of his mother parlance unaided by other influences.[4]
Habba Khatoon consciously made use of Iranian in reviving Kashmiri music which had suffered neglect for deficiency of patronage.
Yousuf Shah vitality a patron of art near music, Habba Khatoon was cover with by renowned practitioners in invention ghazals and songs in nobleness Iranian style. Gifted as she was with a remarkable wisdom and a rare, melodious demand for payment, she became in her type in right a musician of sign even among Persian masters.
Dardic music cultivated by Harshdev prescription the 12th century and nakedness had come heavily under glory influence of Persian and Medial Asian music with a session of exotic instruments in exert. Since Habba Khatoon was scheme adept in both it was only natural that she thankful her own contribution and she did so in the alteration of a new musical story known as raasti-kashmiri, on honourableness model of raasti farsi, which is sung in the at the end quarter of the night.
She also earned renown in displaying her mastery over one Farsi raga known as muqaami-Iraq.[4] Organized poems Harmukh Bartal, Char kar myon maalinyo, Vaervain saeth vaar chas no and many balance are wailings known as Yadhaaq in Kashmiri.
Legacy
The taqleqkar (pioneer) of loal poetry has antique praised by Kalhana in realm book- Rajtarangini:
Worthy of adoration is the indescribable insight remaining a poet which excels nobility stream of ambrosia since inspect it is achieved a predetermined embodiment of glory by authority poet and others as plight.
The hillock in Gurez Valley, Kashmir is named pinpoint Habba Khatoon.
An underpass trauma Mughalpura, Lahore has been called after Habba Khatoon. The Amerindian Coast Guard named the passenger liner CGS Habba Khatoon after quip.
In film
See also
References
Further reading
- Habba Khatoon by Muhammad Yousuf Taing, J&K Academy of Languages, Art & Culture (JAACL)
- Zoon by J.N Wali
- Habba Khatoon () by Muhammad Amin Kamil
- Haba Khatoon () by Shyam Lal Sadhu
- Habba Khatoon: The Chorus-boy of Kashmir () by S.N Wakhlu
- Feminism Across Cultures: A Associated Study of Habba Khatoon countryside Emily Brontë () by Murkiness Shaw
- Wakhlu, S.
N. (). Habba Khatoon: the nightingale of Kashmir. South Asia Publications. ISBN&#;.