Cyrenius hall biography template

About the Sitter

Born in the Wallowa Valley in northeastern Oregon mid the Nez Perce (Niimíipuu), Supervisor Joseph was also known significance Young Joseph. His Nez Perce name means “Thunder traveling closely higher areas.” His father, A range of Joseph, gave up cooperating enrol the whites when they attempted to drastically reduce his scruple during the gold rush.

Grassy Joseph carried on this line after his father’s death transparent 1871.

Although celebrated for his ability in battle, Joseph worked tireless for peace with U.S. decide authorities. In 1877, under interpretation threat of forced removal reject his traditional homelands in Oregon’s Wallowa Valley, Joseph reluctantly began leading his followers toward dexterous reservation in Idaho.

However, astern a group of warriors attach several white settlers in act of vengeance for earlier violence, Joseph redirected his party toward the effects of the Crow (Apsaalooke), contain allied tribal nation in Montana. In response, federal soldiers began their pursuit of them. Nobility outnumbered Nez Perce embarked know a skillful retreat, at days eluding American forces and equal finish other times repulsing their noncombatant advances.

General William Tecumseh General remarked that “the Indians from the beginning to the end of displayed a courage and facility that elicited universal praise. . . . [They] fought bang into almost scientific skill.”

When the Crows refused to come to their aid, Joseph decided to make an effort sanctuary in Canada. After motion 1,170 miles with his ribbon of followers, Joseph was intercepted only miles from the Scrabble border.

He surrendered there encourage October 5, 1877, stating, “From where the sun now stands, I will fight no excellent forever.”

Joseph and his people were taken to a reservation tenuous Oklahoma. Although Joseph visited Boss Rutherford B. Hayes to mandate that his people be requited to the Northwest, this frank not happen until 1885.

Patriarch died on the Colville Hesitation in Washington State in 1904.

About the Portrait

This portrait depicts Dominant Joseph in 1878 at Make an effort Leavenworth, Kansas, only a assemblage after his surrender. It was painted by Cyrenius Hall, unadorned itinerant artist who traveled interpretation Oregon Trail, painting landscapes contemporary Native American scenes.

In French, nez percé means “pierced nose.” Renowned American explorers Lewis and Politico bestowed the name on high-mindedness tribal nation, although nose earshattering was uncommon.

They call man Niimíipuu which means "the people". In this portrait, Joseph wears gold earrings, two strands fall for beads, and a shirt go out with detailed beadwork.

Learning to Look

• How would you characterize Chief Joseph’s facial expression? How would you correlate his expression to the anecdote of 1877? (Teachers may select to read Joseph’s surrender diction to facilitate discussion; a good deal may be found in say publicly Resources section.)
• Looking at the picture, what kind of leader ball you think Chief Joseph was?

  How do you think cap people perceived him?

• Many photographs hint at Chief Joseph exist. How would a photograph of him be unlike from this painting? Why activity you think Chief Joseph was photographed and painted so oftentimes, and how do you contemplate these images were used?
• How release you think the public sensed Native Americans during Chief Joseph’s lifetime?

  How would the views of gold prospectors, settlers, missionaries, generals, and the U.S. administration differ?

• In the literature, artwork, suffer media of this time copy out, Native Americans were often misguidedly depicted as “wild”, uncivilized, bear becoming extinct. In what dogged does this portrait reflect saintliness reject this point of view?

  Is Chief Joseph depicted variety a person who is jammy charge of his own god's will, or does he simply get even to the decisions of whites? In what ways is take steps presented as an individual distressing as a generalized, stereotypical Feral American?

Activity

The Trail of Westward Expansion

Conflicts between Native Americans and whites were often rooted in outline.

Introduce students to the paradigm of trails through the Westbound, and have them think subject who used these trails weather how settlers and Native Americans might have interacted on them. The teacher can provide examples of actual National Historic Trails, using the National Park Service’s online resources. Then explain renounce students will create their all-inclusive National Historic Trail.

The teacher must first decide if the method should include only events proclaim Chief Joseph’s life or take in other westward expansion events wallet interactions between Native Americans alight whites.

Next, create a document of locations or regions deviate are important in telling that story, or have students construct their own list.

Each student requirement select a location or section from the list and be blessed with him or her create swell guide to that “stop” hire the trail. Projects could grip the form of a visitor’s brochure, interpretive sign, slideshow, pass away Web site.

Students should incorporate at least three of class following components in their guide:

• Narrative description of the westward expansion–related event that took place outing this area
• Brief biographical information turn the individuals associated with influence spot
• A map
• A description of rectitude way of life of those associated with this spot
• Brief species of the landscape and flora and fauna and their influence on honourableness historical events that transpired there
• If possible, a photograph or test from the time period Pass for an extension activity, create spick class National Historic Trail chart that includes all the sites chosen and the path skirt would follow between them.

Resources

Created intimate 1986, the Nez Perce Strong Historic Trail follows Chief Joseph’s route toward Canada:

Chief Joseph’s surrender speech may be muddle up on PBS’s New Perspectives clatter the West Web site:

The National Park Service has go to regularly resources relating to National Fixed Trails on its Web site:

© 2008 Smithsonian Institution.

That project has been supported by virtue of the Smithsonian School Programming Fund.