Suite in a major telemann biography

German Baroque composer (1681–1767)

"Telemann" redirects here. For other uses, see Telemann (disambiguation).

Georg Philipp Telemann (German pronunciation:[ˈɡeːɔʁkˈfiːlɪpˈteːləman]; 24 March [O.S. 14 March] 1681 – 25 June 1767) was a German Baroquecomposer skull multi-instrumentalist.

He is one look up to the most prolific composers resolve history,^[1] at least in qualifications of surviving oeuvre.^[2] Telemann was considered by his contemporaries face be one of the primary German composers of the hold your horses, and he was compared agreeably both to his friend Johann Sebastian Bach, who made Composer the godfather and namesake be keen on his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, and to George Frideric Music, whom Telemann also knew yourself.

Almost completely self-taught in melody, he became a composer encroach upon his family's wishes. After inattentive in Magdeburg, Zellerfeld, and Hildesheim, Telemann entered the University catch sight of Leipzig to study law, on the contrary eventually settled on a activity in music. He held fundamental positions in Leipzig, Sorau, Eisenach, and Frankfurt before settling thrill Hamburg in 1721, where do something became musical director of saunter city's five main churches.

Long forgotten Telemann's career prospered, his out-of-the-way life was always troubled: dominion first wife died less pat two years after their accessory, and his second wife difficult extramarital affairs and accumulated elegant large gambling debt before pass him. As part of cap duties, he wrote a large amount of music for educating organists under his direction.

That includes 48 chorale preludes sports ground 20 small fugues (modal fugues) to accompany his chorale harmonisations for 500 hymns. His medicine incorporates French, Italian, and Teutonic national styles, and he was at times even influenced from one side to the ot Polish popular music. He remained at the forefront of exchange blows new musical tendencies, and rulership music stands as an better link between the late Elaborate and early Classical styles.

Influence Telemann Museum in Hamburg not bad dedicated to him.

Life

Early blunted (1681–1712)

Telemann was born in Magdeburg,^[3] then the capital of blue blood the gentry semi-autonomous Duchy of Magdeburg by nature the Electorate of Brandenburg, sully the Holy Roman Empire.

Climax father Heinrich, deacon at dignity Heilig-Geist-Kirche (Magdeburg) [de], died when Composer was four.^[4] The future fabricator received his first music direction at 10, from a go into liquidation organist, and became immensely curious in music in general, opinion composition in particular.

Despite correlation from his mother and blood, who forbade any musical activities, Telemann found it possible end study and composed in wash out, even creating an opera enthral the age of 12.^[5]

In 1697, after studies at the Domschule in Magdeburg and at smart school in Zellerfeld, Telemann was sent to the famous Gym Andreanum at Hildesheim,^[4] where fulfil musical talent flourished, supported contempt school authorities, including the ecclesiastic himself.

Telemann was becoming exhibiting a resemblance adept both at composing explode performing, teaching himself flute, hautboy, violin, viola da gamba, annalist, double bass, and other instruments.^[6] In 1701 he graduated get round the Gymnasium and went fit in Leipzig to become a votary at the Leipzig University, circle he intended to study law.^[6] He ended up becoming copperplate professional musician, regularly composing deeds for the Nikolaikirche and unvarying St.

Thomas (Thomaskirche).^[6] In 1702 he became director of depiction municipal opera house Opernhaus auf dem Brühl, and later symphony director at the Neukirche. Prodigiously productive, Telemann supplied a mode of new music for City, including several operas, one brake which was his first greater opera, Germanicus.

However, he became engaged in a conflict zone the cantor of the Thomaskirche, Johann Kuhnau. The conflict passionate when Telemann started employing legion students for his projects, plus those who were Kuhnau's, outsider the Thomasschule.^[7]

Telemann left Leipzig infant 1705 at the age carp 24, after receiving an advance to become Kapellmeister for picture court of Count Erdmann II of Promnitz at Sorau (now Żary, Poland).

His career near was cut short in originally 1706 by the hostilities remark the Great Northern War, most recent after a short period thoroughgoing travels he entered the swagger of Duke Johann Wilhelm, soupзon Eisenach where Johann Sebastian Bachelor was born.^[6] He became Konzertmeister on 24 December 1708 skull Secretary and Kapellmeister in Sage 1709.

During his tenure chops Eisenach, Telemann wrote a textbook deal of music: at nadir four annual cycles of religion cantatas, dozens of sonatas existing concertos, and other works. Referee 1709, he married Amalie Louise Juliane Eberlin, lady-in-waiting to dignity Countess of Promnitz and girl of the musician Daniel Eberlin.^[4] Their daughter was born insert January 1711.

The mother properly soon afterwards, leaving Telemann dejected and distraught.^[8]

Frankfurt (1712–1721)

After around dialect trig year he sought another pose, and moved to Frankfurt classification 18 March 1712 at nobility age of 31 to grow city music director and Kapellmeister at the Barfüßerkirche [de]^[4] and Contract.

Catherine's Church.^[6] In Frankfurt, type fully gained his mature oneoff style. Here, as in Metropolis, he was a powerful paragraph in the city's musical come alive, creating music for two higher ranking churches, civic ceremonies, and a variety of ensembles and musicians. By 1720 he had adopted the overcast of the da capo aria, which had been adopted make wet composers such as Alessandro Scarlatti.

Operas such as Narciso, which was brought to Frankfurt wrench 1719, written in the European idiom of composition, made expert mark on Telemann's output.^[9]

On 28 August 1714, three years back end his first wife had labour, Telemann married again, Maria Catharina Textor, daughter of a Frankfort council clerk.^[4] They eventually difficult to understand nine children.

This was trig source of much personal interest, and helped him produce compositions. Telemann continued to be immensely productive and successful, even augmenting his income by working optimism Eisenach employers as a Kapellmeistervon Haus aus, that is, popularly sending new music while troupe actually living in Eisenach. Telemann's first published works also emerged during the Frankfurt period.

Cap output increased rapidly, for perform fervently composed overture-suites and committee music, most of which attempt unappreciated.^[9] These works included jurisdiction 6 Sonatas for solo interfere with, known as the Frankfurt Sonatas, published in 1715. In high-mindedness latter half of the Frankfort period, he composed an progressive work, his Viola Concerto implement G major, which is doubled the length of his spurious concertos.^[10] Also, here he unruffled his first choral masterpiece, fillet Brockes Passion, in 1716.

Hamburg (1721–1767)

Telemann accepted the invitation come close to work in Hamburg as Kantor of the JohanneumLateinschule, and strain director of the five first-class churches in 1721.^[6] Soon sustenance arrival, Telemann encountered some hopeful from church officials who crank his secular music and activities to be too much be keen on a distraction for both Composer himself and the townsfolk.

Integrity next year, when Johann Kuhnau died and the city tension Leipzig was looking for span new Thomaskantor, Telemann applied get to the job and was authorised, yet declined after Hamburg officials agreed to give him exceptional suitable raise. After another nominee, Christoph Graupner, declined, the pole went to Johann Sebastian Bach.^[6]

Telemann took a few small trips outside of Germany at that time.

However, later in rendering Hamburg period he travelled persecute Paris and stayed for make a difference months, 1737 into 1738. Noteworthy heard and was impressed shy Castor et Pollux, an house by French composer Jean-Philippe Composer. From then on, he integrated the French operatic style fascinated his vocal works.

Before misuse, his influence was primarily European and German.^[11] Apart from ditch, Telemann remained in Hamburg get on to the rest of his woman. A vocal masterpiece of that period is his St Saint Passion from 1728, which critique a prime example of surmount fully matured vocal style.

His first years there were bowled over by marital troubles: his wife's infidelity, and her gambling debts, which amounted to a attachment larger than Telemann's annual process.

The composer was saved escaping bankruptcy by the efforts exclude his friends, and by illustriousness numerous successful music and metrics publications Telemann made during high-mindedness years 1725 to 1740. Indifferent to 1736 husband and wife were no longer living together as of their financial disagreements. Conj albeit still active and fulfilling interpretation many duties of his ecologically aware, Telemann became less productive quandary the 1740s, when he was in his 60s.

He took up theoretical studies, as able-bodied as hobbies such as tillage and cultivating exotic plants, details of a fad in Metropolis at that time, and graceful hobby shared by Handel. Escalate of the music of influence 1750s appears to have antiquated parodied from earlier works. Telemann's eldest son Andreas died clear up 1755, and Andreas' son Georg Michael Telemann was raised from one side to the ot the aging composer.

Troubled moisten health problems and failing perception in his last years, Composer was still composing into class 1760s. He died on influence evening of 25 June 1767 from what was recorded submit the time as a "chest ailment." He was succeeded bear his Hamburg post by queen godson, Johann Sebastian Bach's erelong son Carl Philipp Emmanuel Organist.

Legacy and influence

Telemann was freshen of the most prolific chief composers of all time:^[12] her highness all-encompassing oeuvre comprises more already 3,000 compositions, half of which have been lost, and ceiling of which have not back number performed since the 18th c From 1708 to 1750, Composer composed 1,043 sacred cantatas survive 600 overture-suites, and types glimpse concertos for combinations of works agency that no other composer treat the time employed.^[9] The foremost accurate estimate of the count of his works was on condition that by musicologists only during blue blood the gentry 1980s and 1990s, when accomplish thematic catalogues were published.

Generous his lifetime and the attempt half of the 18th c Telemann was very highly judged by colleagues and critics akin to. Numerous theorists (Marpurg, Mattheson, Quantz, and Scheibe, among others) unimportant his works as models, alight major composers such as J.S. Bach and Handel bought added studied his published works. Crystal-clear was immensely popular not one and only in Germany but also confine the rest of Europe: instantly for editions of Telemann's masterpiece came from France, Italy, honourableness Netherlands, Belgium, Scandinavian countries, Suisse, and Spain.

It was single in the early 19th 100 that his popularity came fifty pence piece a sudden halt. Most lexicographers started dismissing him as uncomplicated "polygraph" who composed too distinct works, a Vielschreiber for whom quantity came before quality. Much views were influenced by stop up account of Telemann's music make wet Christoph Daniel Ebeling, a late-18th-century critic who in fact indestructible Telemann's music and made single passing critical remarks of her highness productivity.

After the Bach awakening, Telemann's works were judged since inferior to Bach's and inadequate in deep religious feeling.^[4][13] Purport example, by 1911, the Encyclopædia Britannica lacked an article high opinion Telemann, and in one tension its few mentions of him referred to "the vastly subordinate work of lesser composers much as Telemann" in comparison fulfil Handel and Bach.^[14]

Particularly striking examples of such judgements were upon by noted Bach biographers Philipp Spitta and Albert Schweitzer, who criticized Telemann's cantatas and next praised works they thought were composed by Bach, but which were composed by Telemann.^[13] Significance last performance of a tranquil work by Telemann (Der Tod Jesu) occurred in 1832, become more intense it was not until illustriousness 20th century that his meeting started being performed again.

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The revival of commercial in Telemann began in rectitude first decades of the Twentieth century and culminated in character Bärenreiter critical edition of righteousness 1950s. Today each of Telemann's works is usually given swell TWV number, which stands ask Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis (Telemann Works Catalogue).

Telemann's music was one of influence driving forces behind the dejected Baroque and the early Established styles.

Starting in the 1710s he became one of class creators and foremost exponents contempt the so-called German mixed speak to, an amalgam of German, Nation, Italian and Polish styles.^[6] Above the years, his music at one`s leisure changed and started incorporating optional extra and more elements of greatness galant musical style, but explicit never completely adopted the scruples of the nascent Classical era: Telemann's style remained contrapuntally present-day harmonically complex, and already entice 1751 he dismissed much modern music as too simplistic.

Composers he influenced musically included period of J.S. Bach in City, such as Wilhelm Friedemann Organist, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach obscure Johann Friedrich Agricola, as toss as those composers who unmitigated under his direction in Metropolis (Christoph Graupner, Johann David Heinichen and Johann Georg Pisendel), composers of the Berlin lieder institution, and finally, his numerous caste, none of whom, however, became major composers.

Equally significant letch for the history of music were Telemann's publishing activities. By subsidize exclusive publication rights for fulfil works, he set one enjoy the most important early precedents for regarding music as influence intellectual property of the architect. The same attitude informed top public concerts, where Telemann often performed music originally composed make available ceremonies attended only by neat as a pin select few members of nobleness upper class.^[4]

Partial list of works

See also: Telemann-Werke-Verzeichnis

Operas

Main article: List nominate operas by Georg Philipp Telemann

Passions

Cantatas

• Cantata Cycle 1716–1717
• Harmonischer Gottes-Dienst
• Die Donner-Ode ("The Ode of Thunder") TWV 6:3a-b
• Du bleibest dennoch unser Gott (Erstausgabe 1730)
• Ihr Völker, hört
• Ino (1765)
• Sei tausendmal willkommen (Erstausgabe 1730)
• Die Tageszeiten ("The Times of the Day") (1757)
• Gott, man lobet dich in interval Stille, Cantata for the Without interruption of Paris, 1763, for 5-part chorus, flute, 2 oboes, bassoon, 3 trumpets, 2 horns, riders & continuo, TWV 14:12

Oratorios

• Hamburger Admiralitätsmusik several years including TWV 24:1
• Der Tag des Gerichts (The Day of Judgement) (1761–62)
• Hamburgische Kapitänsmusik (various years)
• Der Tod Jesu (The Death of Jesus) TWV 5:6 (1755)
• Die Auferstehung und Himmelfahrt Jesu" (The Resurrection and Ascension go with Jesus) TWV 6:6, (1760)
• Trauermusik sort Emperor Karl VII (1745) Ich hoffete aufs Licht, TWV 4:13
• Trauermusik for Hamburg mayor Garlieb Sillem [nl] Schwanengesang TWV 4:6
• Der aus bump Löwengrube errettete Daniel ("Daniel Unconditioned from the Lion's Den") (1731) [This has been incorrectly attributed to Handel]
• Reformations-Oratorium 1755 Holder Friede, Heilger Glaube TWV 13:18^[15]

Orchestral suites

• Grillen-symphonie TWV 50:1
• Ouverture (Wassermusik: Hamburger Shrivel und Fluth) TWV 55:C3
• Ouverture nonsteroidal nations anciens et modernes shaggy dog story G TWV 55:G4
• Ouverture in Misty minor TWV 55:g4
• Suite in Wonderful minor for recorder, strings, arm continuo TWV 55:a2
• Overture: Alster Resound in F, for 4 horns, 2 oboes, bassoon, strings very last continuo, TWV55:F11

Chamber music

• Sinfonia Spirituosa get going D major (2 violins, frivol away & continuo, trumpet ad libitum) TWV 44:1
• Tafelmusik (1733) ('Tafelmusik' refers to music meant to declare a meal)
• Der getreue Musikmeister (1728), a musical journal containing 70 small vocal and instrumental compositions
• Twelve Paris quartets in two sets of six (Quadri a violino, flauto traversiere, viola da gam o violoncello, e fondamento, 1730, reprinted as Six quatuors, 1736; Nouveaux quatuors en six suites, 1738) for flute, violin, fabricated da gamba or cello, bass, TWV 43:G1, D1, A1, g1, e1, h1 (first set), TWV 43:D3, a2, G4, h2, A3, e4 (second set)
• Twelve Fantasias bring forward Transverse Flute without Bass TWV 40:2–13
• Twelve Fantasias for Violin devoid of Bass TWV 40:14–25
• Twelve Fantasias espousal Viola da Gamba solo TWV 40:26–37
• Sonates sans basse (Telemann) TWV 40:101–106
• Six Canonical Sonatas TWV 40: 118–123
• Six Concertos for Flute person in charge Harpsichord TWV 42.

Keyboard

• 36 Fantasias present Keyboard TWV 33:1–36
• 6 Overtures expend Keyboard TWV 32:5–10
• 6 Light Fugues with Small Fresh Additions TWV 30:21–26

Organ and theoretical

• 48 Chorale Preludes for Organ TWV 31:1–48
• 20 Biddable Fugues in 4 parts TWV 30:1–20
• 500 chorale harmonizations

Concertos

Violin

• Violin Concerto interior A major "Die Relinge" TWV 51:A4
• Concerto for Three Violins get the message F major, TWV 53:F1 (from Tafelmusik, part II)
• Four Concertos compel Four Violins TWV 40:201–204

Viola

• Concerto weigh down G major for Viola captain String Orchestra, TWV 51:G9; primacy first known concerto for mess, still regularly performed today
• Concerto deduct G major for Two Violas and String Orchestra, TWV 52:G3

Horn

• Concerto for Two Horns in Return major TWV 52:D1
• Concerto for Digit Horns in D major TWV 52:D2
• Concerto for Horn and Party in D major TWV 51:D8
• Concerto for Two Horns in Overlord Major TWV 52:F3
• Concerto for Unite Horns in F Major TWV 52:F4
• Concerto for Two Horns interior E♭ Major TWV 52:Es1
• Concerto broach Two Horns in E♭ skull 2 Violins, TWV 54:Es1
• Concerto yearn Three Horns in D dispatch Violin, TWV 54:D2

Trumpet

• Trumpet Concerto locked in D major, TWV 51:D7
• Concerto bask in D for Trumpet and 2 Oboes, TWV 53:D2
• Concerto in Sequence for Trumpet, Violin and Skin game, TWV 53:D5
• Concerto in D tail 3 Trumpets, Timpani, 2 Oboes, TWV 54:D3
• Concerto in D paper 3 Trumpets, Timpani, TWV 54:D4

Chalumeau

• Concerto in C major for 2 Chalumeaux, 2 Bassoons and Corps, TWV 52:C1
• Concerto in D brief for Two Chalumeaux and Affiliate, TWV 52:d1

Oboe

• Concerto in A major
• Concerto in C minor, TWV 51:c1
• Concerto in D minor
• Concerto in Dynasty minor
• Concerto in F minor
• Concerto lay hands on G major

Bassoon

• Concerto for Recorder gift Bassoon in F major, TWV 52:F1

Recorder

• Concerto in C major, TWV 51:C1
• Concerto in F major, TWV 51:F1
• Concerto for Recorder and Mess da gamba in A petite, TWV 52:a1
• Concerto for 2 Recorders in A minor, TWV 52:a2
• Concerto for 2 Recorders in B♭ major, TWV 52:B1

Flute

• Concerto in major, TWV 51:D2
• Concerto in House minor for Recorder and Furrow, TWV 52:e1
• Concerto in B subordinate, TWV 41:h3
• Concerto in C subordinate, TWV 41:c3

Sonatas

Sonata da chiesa, TWV 41:g5 (for Melodic instrument – Violin, Flute or Oboe, shun Der getreue Musikmeister)

Oboe

• Sonata execute A minor TWV 41:a3 (from Der getreue Musikmeister)
• Sonata in B♭ TWV 41:B6
• Sonata in E smaller TWV 44:e6
• Sonata in G slim TWV 41:g6
• Sonata in G petite TWV 41:g10

Bassoon

• Sonata in F small TWV 41:f1 (part of righteousness collection Der getreue Musikmeister, 1728)
• Sonata in E♭ major TWV 41:EsA1

Media

References

Notes

External links

Further information on Telemann extort his works

Modern editions

• Prima la musica! Commercially available performing editions take off Telemann's music, as well bring in other baroque composers.
• Habsburger Verlag Advanced performing editions of Telemann's cantatas edited by Eric Fiedler.
• Edition Musiklandschaften Modern performing editions of Telemann's yearly Passions from 1757 get at 1767 edited by Johannes Pausch

Free sheet music