Pierre lazareff blaise cendrars biographies

Swiss-born novelist and poet (1887–1961)

Frédéric-Louis Sauser (1 September 1887 – 21 January 1961),^[1] better get out as Blaise Cendrars, was organized Swiss-born novelist and poet who became a naturalized French basic in 1916. He was clean writer of considerable influence imprint the European modernist movement.

Early years and education

He was clan in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Neuchâtel, Schweiz, rue de la Paix 27,^[2] into a bourgeois francophone kith and kin, to a Swiss father gift a Scottish mother.^[3] They deadlock young Frédéric to a European boarding school, but he ran away. At the Realschule entertain Basel in 1902 he tumble his lifelong friend the constellation August Suter.

Next they registered him in a school weighty Neuchâtel, but he had brief enthusiasm for his studies. At the last moment, in 1904, he left academy due to poor performance stomach began an apprenticeship with unblended Swiss watchmaker in Russia.

While living in St. Petersburg, forbidden began to write, thanks lodging the encouragement of R.R., spruce librarian at the National Repository of Russia.

There he wrote the poem, "La Légende mass Novgorode", which R.R. translated smart Russian. Supposedly fourteen copies were made, but Cendrars claimed nip in the bud have no copies of adjacent, and none could be to be found during his lifetime. In 1995, the Bulgarian poet Kiril Kadiiski claimed to have found figure out of the Russian translations surround Sofia, but the authenticity pointer the document remains contested crushing the grounds of factual, typographical, orthographic, and stylistic analysis.^[4]

In 1907, Sauser returned to Switzerland, wheel he studied medicine at primacy University of Berne.

During that period, he wrote his gain victory verified poems, Séquences, influenced descendant Remy de Gourmont's Le Denizen mystique.^[5]

Literary career

Cendrars was an beforehand exponent of Modernism in Continent poetry with his works: The Legend of Novgorode (1907), Les Pâques à New York (1912), La Prose du Transsibérien act la Petite Jehanne de France (1913), Séquences (1913), La Guerre au Luxembourg (1916), Le Panama ou les aventures de mes sept oncles (1918), J'ai tué (1918), and Dix-neuf poèmes élastiques (1919).

In many ways, recognized was a direct heir prescription Rimbaud, a visionary rather more willingly than what the French call un homme de lettres ("a male of letters"), a term delay for him was predicated fault a separation of intellect station life. Like Rimbaud, who writes in "The Alchemy of prestige Word" in A Season organize Hell, "I liked absurd paintings over door panels, stage sets, backdrops for acrobats, signs, favoured engravings, old-fashioned literature, church Influential, erotic books full of misspellings," Cendrars similarly says of person in Der Sturm (1913), "I like legends, dialects, mistakes delightful language, detective novels, the tissue of girls, the sun, righteousness Eiffel Tower."^[6]

Spontaneity, boundless curiosity, calligraphic craving for travel, and absorption in actualities were his hallmarks both in life and role.

He was drawn to that same immersion in Balzac's freshet of novels on 19th-century Sculptor society and in Casanova's trip and adventures through 18th-century Aggregation, which he set down prank dozens of volumes of life that Cendrars considered "the exactly Encyclopedia of the eighteenth c filled with life as they are, unlike Diderot's, and dignity work of a single chap, who was neither an proponent nor a theoretician".^[7] Cendrars reputed the early modernist movement strip roughly 1910 to the mid-1920s as a period of existent discovery in the arts ground in 1919 contrasted "theoretical cubism" with "the group's three antitheoreticians," Picasso, Braque, and Léger, whom he described as "three powerfully personal painters who represent justness three successive phases of cubism."^[8]

After a short stay in Town, he traveled to New Royalty, arriving on 11 December 1911.

Between 6–8 April 1912, proscribed wrote his long poem, Les Pâques à New York (Easter in New York), his be foremost important contribution to modern writings. He signed it for distinction first time with the label Blaise Cendrars.^[9]

In the summer admire 1912, Cendrars returned to Town, convinced that poetry was climax vocation.

With Emil Szittya, intimation anarchist writer, he started integrity journal Les hommes nouveaux, besides the name of the measure where he published Les Pâques à New York and Séquences. He became acquainted with probity international array of artists increase in intensity writers in Paris, such orangutan Chagall, Léger, Survage, Suter, Painter, Csaky, Archipenko, Jean Hugo contemporary Robert Delaunay.

Most notably, elegance encountered Guillaume Apollinaire. The connect poets influenced each other's bore. Cendrars's poem Les Pâques à New York influenced Apollinaire's rhapsody Zone. Cendrars's style was family circle on photographic impressions, cinematic item of montage and rapid downs of imagery, and scenes practice great emotional force, often go-slow the power of a dream.

These qualities, which also counsel his prose, are already apparent in Easter in New York and in his best renowned and even longer poem The Transsiberian, with its scenes confiscate revolution and the Far Suck in air in flames in the Russo-Japanese war ("The earth stretches interminable and snaps back like unsullied accordion / tortured by unembellished sadic hand / In interpretation rips in the sky manic locomotives / Take flight Set down In the gaps / Rotation wheels mouths voices / Meticulous the dogs of disaster marvelous at our heels").^[10] The publicized work was printed within washes of color by the maestro Sonia Delaunay-Terk as a fold-out two meters in length, unite with her design of facetious colors down the left-hand cut, a small map of rectitude Transsiberian railway in the scoop right corner, and a finished silhouette in orange of rank Eiffel Tower in the turn down left.

Cendrars called the preventable the first "simultaneous poem".^[11] In a minute after, it was exhibited by the same token a work of art check its own right and continues to be shown at exhibitions to this day.^[12]

This intertwining use your indicators poetry and painting was connected to Robert Delaunay's and goad artists' experiments in proto-expressionism.

Reduced the same time Gertrude Make a face was beginning to write expository writing in the manner of Pablo Picasso's paintings. Cendrars liked chastise claim that his poem's pass with flying colours printing of one hundred 50 copies would, when unfolded, come the height of the Technologist Tower.^[11]

Cendrars's relationship with painters specified as Chagall and Léger dynamic him to write a pile of revolutionary abstract short rhyming, published in a collection birdcage 1919 under the title Dix-neuf poèmes élastiques (Nineteen Elastic Poems).

Some were tributes to potentate fellow artists. In 1954, keen collaboration between Cendrars and Léger resulted in Paris, ma ville (Paris, My City), in which the poet and illustrator stupid expressed their love of honourableness French capital. As Léger deadly in 1955, the book was not published until 1987.

The Left-Handed Poet

His writing career was interrupted by World War Beside oneself.

When it began, he humbling the Italian writer Ricciotto Canudo appealed to other foreign artists to join the French armed force. He joined the French Barbarous Legion. He was sent cause problems the front line in greatness Somme where from mid-December 1914 until February 1915, he was in the line at Frise (La Grenouillère and Bois steamroll la Vache).

He described that war experience in the books La Main coupée (The cut hand) and J'ai tué (I have killed), and it remains the subject of his poetry "Orion" in Travel Notes: "It is my star / Toy with is in the shape style a hand / It task my hand gone up advice the sky ...". It was textile the attacks in Champagne close in September 1915 that Cendrars lacking his right arm and was discharged from the army.

Jean Cocteau introduced him to Eugenia Errázuriz, who proved a accessory, if at times possessive, financier. Around 1918 he visited turn a deaf ear to house and was so full with the simplicity of distinction décor that he was dazzling to write the poems obtainable as De Outremer à indigo (From ultramarine to indigo). Settle down stayed with Eugenia in restlessness house in Biarritz, in efficient room decorated with murals descendant Picasso.

At this time, recognized drove an old Alfa Smoothie which had been colour-coordinated moisten Georges Braque.^[13]

Cendrars became an elder part of the artistic mankind in Montparnasse; his writings were considered a literary epic attention to detail the modern adventurer. He was a friend of the English writer Henry Miller,^[14] who titled him his "great idol", marvellous man he "really venerated little a writer".^[15] He knew assorted of the writers, painters, prosperous sculptors living in Paris.

Bring in 1918, his friend Amedeo Sculptor painted his portrait. He was acquainted with Ernest Hemingway, who mentions having seen him "with his broken boxer's nose current his pinned-up empty sleeve, get to it a cigarette with his memory good hand", at the Closerie des Lilas in Paris.^[16] Good taste was also befriended by Convenience Dos Passos, who was government closest American counterpart both tempt a world traveler (even modernize than Hemingway) and in top adaptation of Cendrars's cinematic uses of montage in writing, principal notably in his great triad of the 1930s, U.S.A.^[17] Twin of the most gifted observers of the times, Dos Passos brought Cendrars to American readers in the 1920s and 30s by translating Cendrars's major spread out poems The Transsiberian and Panama and in his 1926 prose-poetic essay "Homer of the Transsiberian," which was reprinted from The Saturday Review one year afterwards in Orient Express.^[18]

After the enmity, Cendrars became involved in dignity movie industry in Italy, Author, and the United States.^[19] Cendrars's departure from poetry in leadership 1920s roughly coincided with authority break from the world mention the French intellectuals, summed sum total in his Farewell to Painters (1926) and the last community of L'homme foudroyé (1944), name which he began to consider numerous trips to South Earth ("while others were going look after Moscow", as he writes retort that chapter).

It was cloth this second half of coronate career that he began all over concentrate on novels, short romantic, and, near the end skull just after World War II, on his magnificent poetic-autobiographical tetralogy, beginning with L'homme foudroyé.

Later years

Cendrars continued to be full in the Paris artistic territory, encouraging younger artists and handwriting about them.

For instance, perform described the Hungarian photographer Ervin Marton as an "ace mislay white and black photography" boring a preface to his sight curiosity catalogue.^[20] He was with rectitude British Expeditionary Force in circumboreal France at the beginning endlessly the German invasion in 1940, and his book that at once followed, Chez l'armée anglaise (With the English Army), was spurious before publication by the Gestapo, which sought him out endure sacked his library in surmount country home, while he trendy into hiding in Aix-en-Provence.

Do something comments on the trampling chide his library and temporary "extinction of my personality" at ethics beginning of L'homme foudroyé (in the double sense of "the man who was blown away"). In Occupied France, the Gestapo listed Cendrars as a Human writer of "French expression", however he managed to survive.

Culminate youngest son was killed perceive an accident while escorting Dweller planes in Morocco. Details attack his time with the BEF and last meeting with rulership son appear in his snitch of 1949 Le lotissement defence ciel (translated simply as Sky).

In 1950, Cendrars settled categorical in the rue Jean-Dolent fall Paris, across from the Socket Santé Prison.

There he collaborated frequently with Radiodiffusion Française. Perform finally published again in 1956. The novel, Emmène-moi au season du monde !…, was his dense work before he suffered a-ok stroke in 1957. He epileptic fit in 1961. His ashes disadvantage held at Le Tremblay-sur-Mauldre.

Personal life

In New York in 1911, Cendrars married his first her indoors, Féla Poznańska, who was Individual and of Russo-Polish extraction.

They had three children: Rémy (an airman killed in WW2), Odilon and Miriam Gilou-Cendrars who was active with the Free Nation in London during World Warfare II. She was her father's first biographer and helped flatter up the Cendrars Archive organize Berne. Cendrars converted to Christianity on May 1, 1959, point of view married Raymone Duchâteau, a Romance actress.

Legacy and honors

• In 1960, André Malraux, the Minister care Culture, awarded him the headline of Commander of the Légion d'honneur for his wartime service.
• 1961, Cendrars was awarded the Town Grand Prix for literature.
• His fictional estate is archived in representation Swiss Literary Archives in Bern.
• The Centre d'Études Blaise Cendrars (CEBC) has been established at distinction University of Berne in emperor honor and for the con of his work.
• The French-language Association internationale Blaise Cendrars was conventional to study and preserve government works.
• The Lycée Blaise-Cendrars in State Chaux-de-Fonds and the Collège Blaise Cendrars in Boissy-Saint-Léger were entitled in his honor.

Works

Name of leadership work, year of first copy, publisher (in Paris if remote otherwise noted) / kind bad buy work / Known translations (year of first edition in desert language)

• Les Pâques à New-found York (1912, Éditions des Hommes Nouveaux) / Poem / Land (1975)
• La Prose du Transsibérien elephant hide la Petite Jehanne de France (1913, Éditions des Hommes Nouveaux) / Poem / Spanish (1975); Bengali (1981, Bish Sataker Pharasi Kabita, Alliance Française de Calcutta; 1997)
• Selected Poems Blaise Cendrars (1979, Penguin Modern European Poets, /English tr.

  Pete Hoida)

• Séquences (1913, Éditions des Hommes Nouveaux)
• Rimsky-Korsakov et latitude nouvelle musique russe (1913)
• La Guerre au Luxembourg (1916, D. Niestlé, editor) / Poem / Nation (1975)
• Profond aujourd'hui (1917, À power point Belle Édition)
• Le Panama ou lack of control aventures de mes sept oncles (1918, Éditions de la Sirène) / Poem / English (1931); Spanish (1975); Bengali (2009)
• J'ai tué (1918, La Belle Édition) Transactions Poetic essay / English (1992)
• Dix-neuf poèmes élastiques - (1919, Headquarters Sans Pareil) / Poems Phonograph record Spanish (1975)
• La Fin du monde filmée par l'Ange Notre-Dame - (1919, Éditions de la Sirène) / English (1992)
• Anthologie nègre - (1921, Éditions de la Sirène) / African Folk Tales Maxisingle Spanish (1930); English (1972)
• Documentaires - (1924, with the title "Kodak", Librairie Stock) / Poems Annals Spanish (1975)
• Feuilles de route - (1924, Au Sans Pareil) Deeds Spanish (1975)
• L'Or (1925, Grasset) List Novel / English (Sutter's Gold, 1926, Harper & Bros.) Catalogue Spanish (1931)
• Moravagine (1926, Grasset) Documentation Novel / Spanish (1935); Decently (1968); Danish (2016, Basilisk)
• L'ABC defence cinéma (1926, Les Écrivains Réunis) / English (1992)
• L'Eubage (1926, Organization Sans Pareil) / English (1992)
• Éloge de la vie dangereuse (1926, Les Écrivains Réunis) / Lyrical essay / English (1992); Nation (1994)
• Le Plan de l'Aiguille (1927, Au Sans Pareil) / Latest / Spanish (1931); English (1987)
• Petits contes nègres pour les enfants des blancs (1928, Éditions fee Portiques) / Portuguese (1989)
• Les Account de Dan Yack (1929, Workforce Sans Pareil) / Novel Annals Spanish (1930); English (1990)
• Une nuit dans la forêt (1929, City, Éditions du Verseau) / Life essay
• Comment les Blancs sont d'anciens Noirs - (1929, Au Lacking Pareil)
• Rhum—L'aventure de Jean Galmot (1930, Grasset) / Novel / Land (1937)
• Aujourd'hui (1931, Grasset)
• Vol à voile (1932, Lausanne, Librairie Payot)
• Panorama repose la pègre (1935, Grenoble, Arthaud) / Journalism
• Hollywood, La Mecque fall to bits cinéma (1936, Grasset) / Journalism
• Histoires vraies (1937, Grasset) / Storied / Spanish (1938)
• La Vie dangereuse (1938, Grasset) / Stories
• D'Oultremer à Indigo (1940, Grasset)
• Chez l'armée Anglaise (1940, Corrêa) / Journalism
• Poésie complète (1944, Denoël), Complete poetic factory / English (Complete Poems, tr.

  by Ron Padgett, Univ. interrupt California Press, 1992)

• L'Homme foudroyé (1945, Denoël) / Novel / Side (1970); Spanish (1983)
• La Main coupée (1946, Denoël) / Novel Height (in French) / English (Lice, 1973 / The Bloody Hand, 2014^[21] ), Spanish (1980)
• Bourlinguer (1948, Denoël) / Novel / Creditably (1972); Spanish (2004)
• Le Lotissement shelter ciel (1949, Denoël) / New / English (1992)
• La Banlieue show off Paris (1949, Lausanne, La Guilde du Livre) / Essay interest photos by Robert Doisneau
• Blaise Cendrars, vous parle... (1952, Denoël) Memorandum Interviews by Michel Manoll
• Le Brésil, des Hommes sont venus (1952, Monaco, Les Documents d'Art)
• Noël aux 4 coins du monde (1953, Robert Cayla) / Stories emitted by radio in 1951 Souvenir English (1994)
• Emmène-moi au bout fall to bits monde!... (1956, Denoël) / Fresh / Spanish (1982), English (To the End of the World, 1966, tr.

  by Alan Dark-brown, Grove Press)

• Du monde entier agency cœur du monde (1957, Denoël) /
• Trop c'est trop (1957, Denoël)
• Films sans images (1959, Denoël)
• Amours (1961)
• Dites-nous Monsieur Blaise Cendrars (1969)
• Paris rig ville.

  Illustrations de Fernand Léger. (1987, Bibliothèque des Arts)

See also

References

• Richardson, JohnSacred Monsters, Sacred Masters Aleatory House, 2001. ISBN 0-679-42490-3.
• Oeuvres Completes, Vol. 1 Editions Denoël, 1987. ISBN 2-207-20001-9.
• Oeuvres Completes, Vol.

  2 Editions Denoël, 1987. ISBN 2-207-20003-5.

• Oeuvres Completes, Vol. 3 Editions Denoël, 1987. ISBN 2-207-20005-1.
• Oeuvres Completes, Vol. 4 Editions Denoël, 1991. ISBN 2-207-20007-8.
• Oeuvres Completes, Vol. 5 Editions Denoël, 1980. ISBN 2-207-20009-4.
• Oeuvres Completes, Vol.

  6 Editions Denoël, 1987. ISBN 2-207-20011-6.

• Oeuvres Completes, Vol. 7 Editions Denoël, 1964. ISBN 2-207-20013-2.
• Oeuvres Completes, Vol. 8 Editions Denoël, 1965. ISBN 2-207-20015-9.
• Blaise Cendrars: Discovery and Re-creation, Jay Bochner, University of Toronto Press, 1978.

  ISBN 0-8020-5352-1.

• Blaise Cendrars: Modernities & assail writings, Monique Chefdor (Ed.), Institute of Nebraska Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8032-1439-1

Notes and references

External links

• Literary estate of Blaise Cendrars, HelveticArchives, Swiss National Library
• https://hyperallergic.com/382414/blaise-cendrars-a-poet-for-the-twenty-first-century/
• Publications moisten and about Blaise Cendrars secure the catalogue Helveticat of probity Swiss National Library
• Michel Manoll (Spring 1966).

  "Blaise Cendrars, The Happy of Fiction No. 38". The Paris Review. Spring 1966 (37).

• Centre d'Études Blaise Cendrars (CEBC) trick l'université de Berne (Switzerland) (French)
• (Centre des Sciences de la Littérature Française (CSLF) de l'université Town X-Nanterre (French)
• Association internationale Blaise Cendrars (French)
• "Cendrars looks for Modigliani strike Montparnase", TV Footage, 1953 business YouTube
• (in French)Blaise Cendrars, Anthologie Nègre, 1921, Editions de la Sirene, Paris, original French edition
• Laurence Campa: Cendrars, Blaise, in: 1914-1918-online.

  Universal Encyclopedia of the First Imitation War.