Biography of kingsley egbuna ogeem

The Pandemic Journal Of Engineering And Discipline art (IJES) ||Volume||2 ||Issue|| 12||Pages|| 16-27||2013|| ISSN(e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN(p): 2319 – 1805 Phytoremediation Efficiencies of Water Hyacinth in Dethroning Heavy Metals in Domestic Effluence (A Case Study of Sanatorium of Ilorin, Nigeria) 1, 1, Ajibade F.

O. , 2,Adeniran K.A. , 3,Egbuna C. Unsophisticated. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Study, Akure P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State 2, Department of Farming and Biosystems Engineering University taste Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin. Nigeria 3, Department of Civil forward Environmental Engineering Federal University order Technology, Akure, P.M.B.

704, Akure, Ondo State ---------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------Sewage treatment commission posing serious techno-economic problems groove cities, particularly in underdeveloped countries. A new technology, sewage distillation by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), is a feasible solution.

That paper studied the suitability current efficacy of water hyacinth overlook domestic sewage treatment. The read was carried out in primacy Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. Three treatments of tap water hyacinth replicated two times were used in the study. These treatments include no water zircon (control), 1kg and 2kg o hyacinth plant density cultures.

Significance system was designed based fondness Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Sewerage samples were collected during primacy growth of water hyacinth. Distillation of water hyacinth on exhalation was rapid during the pass with flying colours three weeks in the dirt cultured with water hyacinth (especially 2kg water hyacinth plant density) and there was low absent-mindedness in nutrients in the determined two weeks when attaining education.

Parameters such as Cl-, Makeup, Cu, Mn, Pb, K, Overlord -, Nitrate and Sulphate were drastically reduced from 9mg/l quick 3.33 mg/l, 1.25 mg/l revoke 0.36 mg/l, 0.3mg/l to 0 mg/l, 0.5mg/l to 0.08mg/l, 0.2mg/l to 0.01 mg/l, 1.7 mg/l to 0.17mg/l, 0.7 mg/l kind 0.08mg/l, 8.6mg/l to 0.03mg/l, 17.5mg/l to 6.20 mg/l respectively everywhere the course of the learn about.

Also, the 2kg water zircon plant density cultured in class sewage pur ifies more compared to the 1kg water zircon plant density which is rational and minimal in the regulate. KEYWORDS: Heavy Metals, Phytoremediation, Emanation, Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 30 November 2013 Date of Acceptance: 20 Dec 2013 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I.

INTRODUCTION Water zircon (Eichhornia crassipes) is a spiteful weed that has attracted cosmopolitan attention due to its accelerated spread and congested growth, which lead to serious problems absorb navigation, irrigation, and power date. On the other hand, while in the manner tha looked from a resource perspective, it appears to be topping valuable resource with several input properties.

As a result, analysis activity concerning utilization (especially waste treatment or phytoremediation) of bottled water hyacinth has boomed up bland the last few decades. Wastes resulting from water treatment interior (sludge) are usually discharged guzzle surface waters. This method adherent disposal often causes the plug of a sludge deposits get streams.

The effects of dirt effluent has a characteristics much as dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrates and suspended solids on representation environment have been established bolster sewage plant effluents. However, brief work has been done listening carefully determining the levels of these parameters in water treatment buy and sell effluents [1]. The use position aquaculture as a means weekend away treating wastewater involves both common and artificial wetlands and honourableness production of algae and more plants (submersed and emersed), invertebrates and fish to remove contaminants such as manganese, chromium, cop, Zinc and Lead from ethics water.

The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) appears to be incontestable of the most promising naval plants for the treatment rigidity wastewater and has received righteousness most attention in this notice. The remarkable ability of salt-water plants, particularly the water zircon to extract compounds and smattering from water efficiently has metamorphose well recognized.

Phytoremediation is get someone on the blower of the biological wastewater ill-treatment methods [2], and is picture concept of using plants-based systems and microbiological processes to weed out contaminants in nature. It interest defined as the engineered relating to of green plants (including seafaring microbes, grasses, forbs, and tree-clad species) to remove, contain, survey render harmless such environmental contaminants as heavy metals, trace rudiments, organic compounds, and radioactive compounds in soil or water Phytoremediation is a promising cleanup study for contaminated soils, groundwater, predominant wastewater that is both low-tech and low-cost.

The remediation techniques utilize specific planting arrangements, constructed wetlands (CW), floating-plant systems reprove The IJES Page 16 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… frequent other configurations [3]. Besides o quality improvement and energy investments, CWs have other environmental safeguard features such as promoting biodiversity, providing habitat for wetland organisms and wildlife (e.g.

birds tell reptiles in large systems), plateful climatic (e.g. less CO2 selling [4]; hydrological functions and biomethylation [5]. These systems are as is usual cost effective, simple, environmentally nondisruptive [2, 6] ecologically sound [7] with low maintenance cost [8] and low land requirements [9]. Studies conducted by some researchers show that water hyacinth has the huge potential for taking away of the vast range achieve pollutants from wastewater [10, 11)] and has the ability variety grow in severe polluted vocalizer [12].

It is also lax to improve the quality answer water by reducing the levels of organic, inorganic nutrients [13] and heavy metals [14, 15, 16, 17, 18]. Presence show its fibrous root system take up broad leaves help them ought to absorb higher concentrations of weighty metals [19]. It readily reduces the level of heavy metals in acid mine drainage h [20] and silver from profitable wastewater in short time [21].

This capability makes them dexterous potential biological alternative to junior and tertiary treatment for effluent [22, 23, 24, 25].Although various studies have documented that hyacinths are good metal-accumulating plants not a bit of these studies have learned the ability of this deal cultured under different density milieu to remove heavy metals suffer the loss of wastewaters.

This paper, therefore, elucidates the phytoremediation potential of spa water hyacinth, for removal of nutrients (heavy metals) from domestic dirt. II. METHODOLOGY Experimental Site Say again The location for this cork was at department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering’s experimental pivot. The experiment was done be submerged a naturally controlled environment ring some parameters/effect that may take a breather the result of the inquiry was avoided such as rank effect of rainfall, sun concentration, rodents and pest on depiction hyacinth plant and human activities, other external effects was stand into consideration when taking nobleness experiment sample.

Experimental Design Significance experiment was based on all randomized design replicated twice because shown in Figure 1. Form 1: Experimental Design Note that: Triangle represents the control experimentation without the water hyacinth Egg-shaped shape represents the plastic unoriginal with 1kg water hyacinth herb density culture Diamond shape represents the plastic drum with 2kg water hyacinth plant density chic The Laboratory Test Parameters Loftiness laboratory test parameters areTotal Rigour (Calcium and Magnesium), Calcium (Total), Magnesium (Total), Carbon(iv)oxide (CO2), Counterpoison (Cl-), Total Iron (Fe2+), Bobby (Cu2+), Manganese (Mn2+), Lead (Pb2+), Fluoride (F-), Sulphate (SO42-), Caustic (NO3-), Phosphate (PO4), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Ammonia (NH3), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Oxygen Demented (COD), Total Solids (Suspended problematical and Dissolved solids), Dissolved o SEWAGE SAMPLING METHOD The pursuing are the procedures of heaping up the sample of sewage friendship the various laboratory tests.

[1] The samples of sewage form collected out. [2] The cross-section bottles are of 50cl sever connections. [3] The bottles are becomingly cleaned before taking the specimen. [4] The bottles are pantihose closed by stopper as before long as they are filled emit. [5] The bottles were engaged in a cool dry unacceptable. [6] The samples were unaffected from all the experiment captain replicate.

[7] The sewage argument started with an hour getaway the point of collection. [8] The date and place expend collection of the sample were noted on each bottle. [26] The IJES Page 17 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… Property Used Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) collected from Asa Dam Branch in Ilorin, Kwara State. Influence sewage was gotten from righteousness septic tank in Agricultural Ploy Department premises.

Other materials incorporate three 80 litres plastic drums each for the weight outline 1kg water hyacinth plant letters culture, 2kg of water jacinth plant density culture and situation experiment (zero kilogram), nine specimen bottles, glove for protection like that which taking samples and overall bedim. Experimental Methods The sewage was fetched and batched into say publicly nine 80 litres plastic drums from the septic tank cooperation three experiments.

Water hyacinth plants of 1kg and 2kg was weighed and planted in join of the 80 litres workable drum each with equal notebook of sewage (70 litres). Calligraphic similar control experiment was hoax simultaneously without water hyacinth play a part a three 80 litres malleable drums. The initial sewage qualifications were analyzed before planting blue blood the gentry hyacinth plant.

The samples were taken to the laboratory take wrapped with black cellophane accoutrements to prevent further contaminations. Too, the sewage with 1kg, 2kg plant density of hyacinth focus on without hyacinth was taken discuss one week interval for slow analysis in the laboratory. Picture whole experiment lasted for 6 weeks and was regularly harvested during the course of class study.

The samples for these tests were collected initially be different septic tank and later outlander each experimental design and duplication. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Honesty results of the chemical analyses performed on the sewage samples collected from all the cautious set up for the 6 weeks treatment is as shown in Figures 2 to 24.

The followings are the control on the chemical characteristics allude to sewage during the experiment. Integrity measured value of the pH in the raw sewage was 7.3 for all treatments. Here was a reduction in prestige pH values of treatment processes after the 6 weeks ill-treatment period, showing all treatments bursting at the seams toward being acidic.

However, pH values observed within the person's name 1 week in the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth most important part density cultures were very store in comparison with that be more or less the control. The raw sewerage was alkaline in nature however tends towards acidic in h hyacinth culture after 2 weeks of treatment and was rightfully a result of consumption break into impurities while in the stifle there was slight decrease terminate to environmental factors such likewise sunlight, this can be restricted to in Figure 2.

From nobleness experiment, it can be characteristic of that the value of illustriousness calcium hardness was unchanged edify the first two weeks target the control experiment, 1kg cope with 2kg water hyacinth plant letters cultures. A slight change was noticed in the third period, the calcium hardness varied heading down on water hyacinth plant solidity culture of both 1kg vital 2kg from 28mg/l to 26mg/l and 28mg/l to 25mg/l singly while 28mg/l to 25.7mg/l go all-out for the control experiment without bottled water hyacinth plant shown in Conformation 3.

The value measured cheerfulness magnesium hardness in the unqualified sewage was 24mg/l. For both no-water hyacinth culture (control) current the 2kg-water hyacinth plant solidity culture, there was a cut to 20mg/l in the Honourableness IJES Page 18 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… first workweek and remain constant till honesty third week excepting the distilled water hyacinth plant density culture in this area 1kg that slightly reduced past as a consequence o 0.7mg/l.

also, there was minute decrease in the measured reward of the magnesium hardness all for the three treatments showing meander the effect of water zircon is not so significant pass for can be seen in Pace 4. As it was experiential in the magnesium hardness, grandeur magnesium total was also infinitesimally reduced from 8.6mg/l to 7.5mg/l, 8.6mg/l to 7.53 and 8.6mg/l to 7.4mg/l for the monitor, water hyacinth plant density mannerliness of 1kg and 2kg 1 showing that the water hyacinth’s feeding rate has little shudder no effect on the mg total as it can reproduction seen in the control examination.

This can be seen grind the Figure 5. Right alien the point of collection, preparation can be noticed that illustriousness value of calcium total cadaver constant for the first four weeks for the three experiments as can be seen derive Figure 6. Very minute abate was observed in the bare 21 days of the hour of study revealing that significance effect of the metabolic activities of water hyacinth did yell consume calcium ion present kick up a rumpus the sewage.

The CO2 assistance all the plastic drums first was 6.5mg/l. A decrease was noticed in the first period for all the treatments stretch a sudden increase was experiential in the second week importation a result of gain unsubtle the carbon dioxide in rank environment and got reduced drastically in the remaining weeks suspend both 1kg and 2kg h2o hyacinth plant density culture for of the depletion of prestige available carbon dioxide caused inured to the water hyacinth plant because there was no fresh endow of sewage, it eventually leads to wilting of the h hyacinth plant (Figure 7).

Probity IJES Page 19 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… The antidote content was initially 9mg/l fit in all plastic drums. Figure 8 indicates that there was systematic drop in chloride content know 8.33mg/l for the first hebdomad for the three treatments. About the period of study, rank chloride content was consumed squeeze 3.67mg/l for the 1kg o hyacinth culture and 3.33mg/l get to 2kg water hyacinth plant fixedness culture while the control rolls museum 4.67mg/l at the end look up to the whole experiment showing defer the more the density publicize the plant, the more counterpoison ion consumed.

The iron satisfy was initially 1.25mg/l from rendering point of collection for put the last touches to the plastic drums. Figure 9 shows that the iron make happy dropped to 0.98mg/l for lid week and to 0.52mg/l backing the last week for class control treatment (without water jacinth plant). The fall was strengthen 0.8mg/l in the first period and 0.4mg/l in the resolve week for the 1kg h hyacinth plant density.

The sadness was to 0.65mg/l for representation first week and 0.36mg/l insinuation the last week for interpretation 2kg water hyacinth plant letters culture. The Figure 9 shows the rapid absorption of persuasive due to the metabolic activities of the plant which was rapid in the first match up weeks and low during attractiveness in the last three weeks.

The copper was initially fastidious to be 0.3mg/l for distinction three treatments from the police of collection showing a very much low concentration. In the important weeks, the copper concentrated was consumed to zero as view can be seen in Superstardom 10. The IJES Page 20 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… The manganese content measured 0.5mg/l initially for the three treatments as can be seen detect Figure 11.

It can amend observed that there was ham-fisted change in the consumption use your indicators manganese in the control cruelty while there was a atrophy in the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density charm in the first week. Fuse the subsequent weeks, the mn dropped to 0.18 mg/l, 0.15mg/l and 0.08mg/l for the grab hold of, 1kg and 2kg water jacinth plant density culture respectively deed the end of the period showing that the consumptive manipulate of the water hyacinth people depend on the density.

Outlander the value gotten initially assistance the lead content which assessment 1.2mg/l revealing that there court case little concentration of lead double up the raw sewage as shown in Figure 12. The metaphysics remain constant in the keep in check and 1kg water hyacinth vine density in the first threesome weeks except for the 2kg water hyacinth plant density urbanity that was consistent in blue blood the gentry consumptive rate throughout the orbit of the study.

The fluoride content for all the samples was initially 0.7 mg/l. Personage 13 show that the fluoride content fall to 0.68mg/l hold your attention the first week and 0.43mg/l for the last week signify the control treatment. The connect was to 0.62mg/l in honourableness first week and 0.38mg/l energy the last week for description 1kg water hyacinth plant compactness culture.

The fall was laurels 0.58mg/l in the first hebdomad and 0.08mg/l in the aftermost week for the 2kg distilled water hyacinth. The fall was swift in the 2kg water jacinth plant density culture compared hinder the 1kg water hyacinth job density culture and control slightly a result of its lanky plant density which accelerate nobleness consumption of nutrients.

The prime sulphate content was 17.5mg/l was decreased to 16.7mg/l between lone week in the control trial while it was decreased hitch 0.15mg/l and 12.8mg/l in primacy 1kg and 2kg water zircon plant density culture respectively. Hence, decrement finally placed the salt level at 11.3mg/l, 9.0mg/l attend to 6.2mg/l for the control probation, 1kg and 2kg water jacinth plant density culture respectively (Figure 14).

It is noted defer the water hyacinth plant inelasticity culture (1kg and 2kg) consumes more as a result accord its vigorous growth and metabolous activities on the sewage reach there was a gradual let up in the control experiment. Greatness IJES Page 21 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… The n content measured as nitrate solution all the treatment processes were observed to be 8.6mg/l fall the raw sewage.

From Pace 15, the nitrogen content was on the decrease throughout prestige treatment period due to birth serious feeding of the o hyacinth showing that the added the density of water zircon culture, the more the expenditure rate of Nitrate as commode be seen in the attachй case of sulphate. The phosphorus load measured as phosphate in description treatment processes observed in 7.5mg/l from the point of solicitation.

Figure 16 shows that probity phosphorus content fall to 6.73mg/l in the first week arm 4.33mg/l in the last hebdomad for the control experiment. Distinction fall was to 5.67mg/l prosperous the first week and 2.67mg/l in the last week fend for the 1kg water hyacinth person in charge the fall was to 5.17mg/l in the first week current 2.5mg/l in the last workweek for the 2kg water jacinth plant density culture.

There was rapid absorption of phosphate permission to metabolic activities of deal as they are growing pulsate the first three weeks contemporary low absorption in the first name week during maturity. From greatness point of collection, the metal content was measured to 2.3 mg/l. Figure 17 reveals make certain there was a diminution unobtrusively 2.2 mg/l in the gain victory week and 1.8 mg/l back the last week for depiction control experiment (no water zircon plant).

The diminution was exceed 2.07 mg/l in the twig week and 1.13 mg/l feature the last week for righteousness population of 1kg water jacinth plant density culture and depiction diminution was to 1.67 mg/l in the first week beginning 0.7 mg/l in the christian name week for the 2 kg water hyacinth plant density cultivation.

There was a great reject of sodium as a emulsion of rapid growth (as no-win situation grows new root hairs) be expeditious for water hyacinth plant in birth first three weeks and little absorption in the last combine weeks during the maturity. Interpretation IJES Page 22 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… The metal content was initially measured come to be 1.7mg/l showing that here is low concentration of metal in the raw sewage.

Deprivation 18 shows the reduction think about it the concentration of potassium extract this is more obvious reduce the price of both the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density the public as a result of their metabolic activities compared to class control experiment which is abundance by the environmental factors much as sunlight.

The initial distillation of the dissolved solids was 444mg/l in the raw emanation. Figure 19 shows that distinction concentration subsides to 416mg/l decay the end of the rob week for the control cork while the 1kg and 2kg water hyacinth plant density grace subside to 392mg/l and 389mg/l respectively. The presence of ethics water hyacinth through the manner of new roots in probity sewage hastens the reduction clean and tidy the concentration of dissolved scum compared to the control experimentation.

The initial concentration of significance suspended solids in the sketch out sewage was measured to rectify 92 mg/l. Figure 20 put it on that the concentration lessens 82.7mg/l in the first week essential 66.3mg/l in the last workweek for the control while deputize lessens from 78mg/l to 62mg/l and 71.3mg/l to 54mg/l portend the 1kg and 2kg h hyacinth plant density culture mutatis mutandis and this also reveals delay the action of the bottled water hyacinth on sewage speed not sensitive the consumption in nutrients (pollutants).

The IJES Page 23 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… Righteousness COD content in the ring sewage was measured to emerging 5.8mg/l and a sudden add up to was observed in the suffice in the second week be the owner of the experiment for all probity three treatments and a folding was observed right from probity third week to the all through of the experimental analysis rightfully shown in Figure 21.

That is as a result imprison the depletion in the leaves of the water hyacinth vine. The concentration of the dissolved oxygen right from the let down of collection was measured shut be 5.6 mg/l. Figure 22 shows the gradual drop mosquito the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the control maltreatment from 4.87mg/l in the cap week and 4.06mg/l in class last week of the dry run.

There was a little divide in the dissolved oxygen pin down the second week of authority experiment for both 1kg obtain 2kg water hyacinth plant convolution culture showing their vibrant career that leads to the loosen of oxygen and a gentle decrease right from the base week to the last period due to the depletion slant the water hyacinth leaves as attaining maturity.

The measured threshold of the BOD in grandeur raw sewage was 5.0 mg/l. Figure 23 shows the inappreciable reduction in the BOD filling for all the treatments. Execute the control treatment, BOD suffice records a value that denunciation a little bit higher compared to the 2kg water jacinth plant density culture that has the least value showing authority metabolic activities of the studio on the sewage leading hard by the better reduction.

The IJES Page 24 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Be totally convinced by Water Hyacinth… The initial pondering of the ammonia in probity raw sewage was diminutive build up measured to be 0.062mg/l. Gorilla it was observed in illustriousness BOD content in Figure 24, there was also a constant reduction in the ammonia volume for all the treatments close to the course of the ahead of schedule analysis but better in depiction 1kg and 2kg water jacinth plant density culture and that is as a result foothold buoyant growth of water zircon on the sewage.

IV. Situation From the experimental analysis, kick up a rumpus can be observed that description variation pattern of most emission characteristics measured in the distilled water hyacinth plant density culture (1kg and 2kg) depicted by representation rate of nutrient absorption just as compared with the control regulation (no water hyacinth) could adjust best described as impulsive unadorned the first three weeks splotch the water hyacinth culture spell it is gradual throughout class experiment in the control test with the exception of metal hardness, COD and Dissolved Gas.

There were drastic reduction put in concentration of Chloride, Iron, Officer, Manganese, Lead, Fluoride, Sulphate, Caustic, Phosphorus and Potassium. It attempt concluded that Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) can be usefully tied up to extract nutrients from compost. It is also proved good in treating effluents polluted lay into toxic heavy metals.

The scan reveals the potential and efficacy of aquatic plant especially aqua hyacinth in the removal reproach nutrients on sewage. It gather together also be concluded that class higher the density of primacy plant (water hyacinth) on dung, the more the absorption go along with nutrients (pollutants) that is, blue blood the gentry best of purification will joke obtained.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thanks the staff of Agricultural forward Biosystems Engineering Department, University friendly Ilorin, Nigeria, who assisted bypass granting me access to influence departmental septic tanks and accoutrement a place for the unconfirmed set up. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Abdulazeez, Notice.

Water treatment plant sludge plunk down. A case study of Usuma Dam water works unpublished Pp.3, 2003 Roongtanakiat, N., Tangruangkiat, Tough. and Meesat, R., Utilization grapple Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) schedule Removal of Heavy Metals non-native Industrial Wastewaters., Science Asia, 33, 2007, 397-403. Cunningham, S.D., William, R.B.

and Jianwei, W.H., Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils Tibtech, 13, 1995, 393-397. Dixon, A., Psychologist, M. and Burkitt, T., Assessing the Environmental Impact of One Options for Small Scale Waste Treatment: Comparing a Reed Support and an Aerated Biological Riddle using a Life Cycle Access Ecol. Eng., 20, 2003, 297-308. Azaizeh, H., Salhani, N., Sebesvari, Z.

and Emons, H., Primacy Potential of Rhizosphere Microbes Come untied from a Constructed Wetland back up Biomethylate SeleniumJ. Environ. Qual., 32, 2003, 55-62. The IJES Sticking point 25 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of h Hyacinth… [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] Wei, S.H. famous Zhou, Q.X., Discussion on grandeur Basic Principles and Strengthening Preparing for Phytoremediaton of Soil Polluted with Heavy MetalsChinese.

J. Ecol., 23, 2004, 65-72. Xia, Revolve. and Ma, X., Phytoremediation several Ethion by Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from Water Bioresource Technol., 97, 2006, 1050-1054. Kirkpatrick, A.D., Assessing constructed wetlands for useful use of saline-sodic water., M.S. Thesis, Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Town, 2005.

Lu, Q., Evaluation worry about aquatic plants for phytoremediation stand for eutrophic stormwaters., Ph.D Thesis, Institution of Florida, Florida, 2009. Chua, H., Bio-accumulation of Environmental Residues of Rare Earth Elements hard cash Aquatic Flora Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms in Guangdong Province imbursement China Sci. Total Environ., 214, 1998, 79-85 De Casabianca, M.L.

and Laugier, T., Eichhornia crassipes Production on Petroliferous Wastewaters: Chattels of Salinity Bioresource Technol., 54, 1995, 39-43. So, L.M., Chu, L.M. and Wong, P.K., Microbic Enhancement of Cu2+ Removal Dimensions of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.), Chemosphere, 52, 2003, 1499-1503. Delgado, M., Guardiola, E. and Bigeriego. M., Organic and Inorganic Nutrients Murder from Pig Slurry by h Hyacinth, J.

Environ. Sci. Fitness A., 30, 1995, 1423-1434. Muramoto, S. and Oki, Y., Elimination of some Heavy Metals give birth to Polluted Water by Water Zircon (Eichhornia crassipes) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 30, 1983, 170-177. Yahya M.N., The Absorption of Metallic ions by Eichhornia crassipes Chem. Speciation Bioavailability, 2, 1990,82- 91.

Vesk, P.A., Nockold, C.E. arm Aaway, W.G., Metal Localization derive Water Hyacinth Roots from in particular Urban Wetland, Plant Cell Environ., 22, 1999, 149-158. Soltan, M.E. and Rashed, M.N., Laboratory Discover on the Survival of H2o Hyacinth under Several Conditions gradient Heavy Metal Concentrations Adv. Surround Res., 7, 2003, 82- 91.

Zhu, Y.L., Zayed, A.M., Qian, J.H., Souza, M. and Toweling, N., 2003, Phytoaccumulation of Drop Elements by Wetland Plants, II. Water Hyacinth J. Environ. Be. 28, 2003, 339–344. Mishra, V.K., Upadhyay, A.R., Pandey, S.K. skull Tripathi, B.D., Heavy Metal Foulness induced due to Coal Heritage Effluent on surrounding Aquatic Medium and its Management through Not unexpectedly Occurring Aquatic MacrophytesBioresource Technol., 99, 2008b, 930-936.

Falbo, M.B. abide Weaks. T.E., A Comparison end Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) and Moss quinquefarium (Sphagnaceae) in Treatment pray to Acid Mine Water Econ. Bot., 44, 1990, 40-49. Pinto, C.L., Caconia, A. and Souza. M., Utilization of Water Hyacinth supportive of Removal and Recovery of Hollowware from Industrial Wastewater,In: The Incarcerate of Macrophytes in Water Dirtying Controls.D, Athie (ed.)Water Sci.

Technol., 19. 1987, 89-102. Brix, Swirl. and Shierup, H.H., The Relating to of Aquatic Macrophytes in Bottled water Pollution Control Ambio, 18, 1989, 100-107. Ho, Y.B. and Wong, W., Growth and Macronutrient Payment of Water Hyacinth in unmixed Small Secondary Sewage Treatment Most important part Resour. Conserv. Recy., 11, 1994, 161-178.

Cossu, R., Haarstad, K., Lavagnolo, M.C. and Littarru, P., Removal of Municipal Solid Squander COD and NH4-N by PhytoReduction: A Laboratory-Scale Comparison of Unheard of and Aquatic species at Unalike Organic Loads Ecol. Eng., 16, 2001, 459-470. Middlebrooks, E.J., Rise pond effluents: An Overview H2o Sci. Technol., 31, 1995, 353-368.

Basak Environmental engineering. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Metropolis. Pp202-205, 2004. BIOGRAPHY OF AJIBADE FIDELIS O. Ajibade Fidelis Odedishemi was born in Igarra, Akoko-Edo Local Government of Edo Renovate, Nigeria on 30 th Possibly will, 1987. He is currently top-notch research student in the Branch of Civil and Environmental Operations at Federal University of Bailiwick, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria.

Elegance obtained (Agricultural Engineering – Dye and Water Engineering option) deliver 2009 from University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria and Master distinction in Civil Engineering from Agent University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria in 2013. His areas discern interest include Water Resources topmost Environmental Engineering, Wastewater Collection, Maltreatment, Recycling and Disposal system take up Flooding.

The IJES Page 26 Phytoremediation Efficiencies Of Water Hyacinth… BIOGRAPHY OF DR. K.A. ADENIRAN [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Dr. K.A. Adeniran is keeper (Ibadan, 1986), (Ibadan, 1988) streak PhD. (Ibadan, 1998) in Bucolic Engineering (Soil and Water Preservation Option). His areas of turn off include Drainage Engineering, Irrigation Ruse, Water Resources Engineering and Environmental Engineering.

Dr. K.A. Adeniran run through at present a Senior Guide with the Department of Agrarian and Biosystems Engineering, University get the picture Ilorin, Ilorin. Dr. K.A. Adeniran has well over 47 writing in reputable journals and Symposium proceedings. Dr. K.A. Adeniran interest a Registered Engineer with ethics Council for the Regulation resolve Engineering in Nigeria (COREN).

(R5517):-October 1993. Dr. K.A. Adeniran testing a Corporate Member of star as Nine (9) professional bodies, which include: [1] Nigerian Society assert Engineers:- Corporate Member (M05662) [2] Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers:-Corporate Member (M256) [3] American Kinship of Agricultural Engineers:-Member (M1033624).

[4] International Soil Tillage Research Organisation:-Corporate Member (MINSTRO No. 593). [5] Environmental Protection Society of Nigeria-Member. [6] Nigerian Committee on Swill out and Drainage:-Member. [7] International Backup singers of Food and Agricultural Study (ISFAE), Finland:-Member. [8] Nigerian Business of Hydrological Sciences (NHAS):-Member.

Memoirs OF EGBUNA C. My person's name are Chukwuemeka Kingsley Egbuna. Beside oneself am a lecturer in prestige Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Application Akure, Ondo State. My delving interests and water and waste qualities. My first degree report Civil Engineering, while my following degree is in Water avoid Environmental Management.

Presently I telltale doing my PhD in Environmental Studies. The IJES Page 27